Apple did screw up. Intentionally or not...
I had purchased Mavericks before, so I was able to re-download it in 2023 from within Snow Leopard Partition. No matter what I did whether installing it to a drive while in Snow Leopard or creating a USB with createinstallmedia
It would always tell me that the image is corrupt. When I tried to mount the InstallESD.dmg directly it would come up with "The DMG image is corrupt" or "The DMG image is unrecognized" error. Well yeah! because it is not actually a DMG image! It is a XAR archive. just do:
file /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg
And see what the file actually is.
file /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg
/Applications/Install OS X Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg: xar archive compressed TOC: 11017, SHA-1 checksum
macmini@MacMinis-Mac-mini ~ % xar -tf /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg
Distribution
InstallMacOSX.pkg
InstallMacOSX.pkg/Bom
InstallMacOSX.pkg/Payload
InstallMacOSX.pkg/Scripts
InstallMacOSX.pkg/PackageInfo
InstallMacOSX.pkg/InstallESD.dmg
Resources
Resources/ar.lproj
Resources/ar.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/ar.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/ca.lproj
Resources/ca.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/ca.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/cs.lproj
Resources/cs.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/cs.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/da.lproj
Resources/da.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/da.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/Dutch.lproj
Resources/Dutch.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/Dutch.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/el.lproj
Resources/el.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/el.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/English.lproj
Resources/English.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/English.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/fi.lproj
Resources/fi.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/fi.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/French.lproj
Resources/French.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/French.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/German.lproj
Resources/German.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/German.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/he.lproj
Resources/he.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/he.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/hr.lproj
Resources/hr.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/hr.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/hu.lproj
Resources/hu.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/hu.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/id.lproj
Resources/id.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/id.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/Italian.lproj
Resources/Italian.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/Italian.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/Japanese.lproj
Resources/Japanese.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/Japanese.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/ko.lproj
Resources/ko.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/ko.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/ms.lproj
Resources/ms.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/ms.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/no.lproj
Resources/no.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/no.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/pl.lproj
Resources/pl.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/pl.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/pt.lproj
Resources/pt.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/pt.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/pt_PT.lproj
Resources/pt_PT.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/pt_PT.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/ro.lproj
Resources/ro.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/ro.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/ru.lproj
Resources/ru.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/ru.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/sk.lproj
Resources/sk.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/sk.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/Spanish.lproj
Resources/Spanish.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/Spanish.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/sv.lproj
Resources/sv.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/sv.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/th.lproj
Resources/th.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/th.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/tr.lproj
Resources/tr.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/tr.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/uk.lproj
Resources/uk.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/uk.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/vi.lproj
Resources/vi.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/vi.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/zh_CN.lproj
Resources/zh_CN.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/zh_CN.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
Resources/zh_TW.lproj
Resources/zh_TW.lproj/Localizable.strings
Resources/zh_TW.lproj/VolumeCheck.strings
So what you need to do is:
cd tmp
xar -xf /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg
ls -l
total 40
-rwxr-xr-x 1 macmini staff 10301 Sep 10 2014 Distribution
drwx------ 7 macmini staff 224 Dec 31 1969 InstallMacOSX.pkg
drwx------ 35 macmini staff 1120 Dec 31 1969 Resources
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 4671 Sep 29 09:53 mUtility.log
And the actuall InstallESD.dmg MOUNTABLE is inside the InstallMacOSX.pkg
To Recreate the Install Mac OS X Mavericks Installer
follow this:
pkgutil --expand /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg ~/Mavericks
cd ~/Mavericks/InstallMacOSX.pkg
tar -xvf Payload
mv ~/Mavericks/InstallMacOSX.pkg/InstallESD.dmg ~/Mavericks/InstallMacOSX.pkg/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport
rm -rf /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/
mv ~/Mavericks/InstallMacOSX.pkg/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app /Applications
To Create a bootable USB Installer follow this:
Format an 8GB USB drive with HFS+ GPT partitioning and label it Untitled
. Create the USB installer:
sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/Untitled --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app
Checksumming the InstallESD.dmg:
hdiutil verify /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg
Checksumming Driver Descriptor Map (DDM : 0)…
Driver Descriptor Map (DDM : 0): verified CRC32 $82881B3D
Checksumming (Apple_Free : 1)…
(Apple_Free : 1): verified CRC32 $00000000
Checksumming Apple (Apple_partition_map : 2)…
Apple (Apple_partition_map : 2): verified CRC32 $E3F140E2
Checksumming disk image (Apple_HFS : 3)…
...............................................................................
disk image (Apple_HFS : 3): verified CRC32 $0D5460FF
Checksumming (Apple_Free : 4)…
...............................................................................
(Apple_Free : 4): verified CRC32 $00000000
...............................................................................
verified CRC32 $B65198C1
hdiutil: verify: checksum of "/Applications/Install OS X Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg" is VALID
Check codesign signature:
codesign -dv --verbose=4 /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg
/Applications/Install OS X Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg: code object is not signed at all
macmini@MacMinis-Mac-mini ~ % codesign -dv --verbose=4 /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app
Executable=/Applications/Install OS X Mavericks.app/Contents/MacOS/Install OS X Mavericks
Identifier=com.apple.InstallAssistant.Mavericks
Format=app bundle with Mach-O thin (x86_64)
CodeDirectory v=20200 size=303 flags=0x200(kill) hashes=7+3 location=embedded
Hash type=sha1 size=20
CandidateCDHash sha1=cd59e2a7acca04c95d7e4b27488122dd11aa5b68
CandidateCDHashFull sha1=cd59e2a7acca04c95d7e4b27488122dd11aa5b68
Hash choices=sha1
CMSDigest=32a7926f598b4e52c7b68f0c7e0719afc9f7d6c9b2fceadb8398a44507d10ed5
CMSDigestType=2
Page size=4096
CDHash=cd59e2a7acca04c95d7e4b27488122dd11aa5b68
Signature size=4169
Authority=Apple Mac OS Application Signing
Authority=Apple Worldwide Developer Relations Certification Authority
Authority=Apple Root CA
Info.plist entries=30
TeamIdentifier=APPLECOMPUTER
Sealed Resources version=2 rules=12 files=948
Internal requirements count=1 size=124
Edit: Unfortunately as of February 2023 the created USB disk could not proceed past:

Only this web available installer works.
There is another way around that convoluted installer and the steps are described here.
hdiutil verify /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg
(and if that doesn't find a problem, try running it on the copy on the USB drive -- the path mentioned in the error message). – Gordon Davisson Oct 30 '13 at 14:56hdiutil: verify: "/Applications/Install OS X Mavericks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg" has no checksum.
– loseeka Oct 30 '13 at 16:14