I am currently working as a software developer. Of recent I have developed interest in programming languages ever since I started learning Lisp. I have started myself using Clojure(a dialect of Lisp on the JVM) at work nowadays. Consequently there are other things which have attracted me like garbage collection and various concurrency models (like CSP, actors, STM etc) which I want to study more about.
In general I haven't found much current research on languages like Scheme or Common Lisp. However another one of my favorite languages Haskell seems to be one of the favorites among academicians and prominent people like Philip Wadler and Simon Peyton Jones are doing lot of research on them. In general I have an inclination towards functional programming language compilers and concurrency models used in them. Also type theory, but I feel each of the above topics are extremely vast and I need some guidance in organizing my thoughts.
The problem is I have no research paper published or have any formal background in Computer Science. I haven't done any of the necessary courses on Theory of Computation or Compilers formally. Although I have read many books on compilers, Functional Programming and lambda calculus on my own and have also done some courses on Coursera there is no certification as such. How do I go about approaching my desired advisors?
Further info: I have a Masters in Mathematics.
EDIT
More than a European or US university, I am concerned with my advisor(irrespective of which university he is associated with). A lot of good researchers in this field come from ETH Zurich so I have a stronger inclination towards it. Also University of Edinburgh.