16

I'm a government researcher in R&D and have spent my career doing and publishing my own work. Some time ago I was asked to take over some research from another scientist that was being transferred. She barely started the work and all I ended up receiving were some rough notes for background info - no actual analysis. I told her that since it was her project at the start, I would add her name to the publication as a co-author.

I have since spent several months doing the research and analysis and am ready to submit the publication. Since I did promise her to add her name, I did so fully expecting her to tell me to remove it since all the work was really mine - I didn't even use her notes. All she did was thank me for adding it.

I guess I'm disappointed in her decision to keep her name on the publication. Is that unethical on her part?

Angus
  • 287
  • 2
  • 4
  • 60
    She created the foundation on which you built the paper, which might well constitute a sufficient contribution for authorship. Moreover, she may have accepted authorship under the believe that her notes were incorporated into the paper. – user2768 Aug 23 '18 at 12:30
  • 5
    This question could be improved by being more explicit about what you are hoping to gain by knowing whether it is unethical. Are you asking that in order to take action, are you asking that to know more about academic authorship etiquette, or just to know more about human behavior? – JiK Aug 23 '18 at 12:43
  • No, I won't be taking action. I just want someone else's viewpoint on whether or not she is being unethical or not. That would depend on how I view her as a colleague in the future. My viewpoint would stay with me. – Angus Aug 23 '18 at 12:59
  • 4
    This may depend on what field this is. In some fields, it is standard practice for the director of the lab to be listed as the last author on all work done at that lab. – GEdgar Aug 23 '18 at 13:28
  • 10
    How does she know you didn't use her notes? – Azor Ahai -him- Aug 23 '18 at 16:19
  • Related: Is it ethical for advisors to automatically coauthor papers?. – Daniel Aug 23 '18 at 16:36
  • 1
    In some fields and journals, it's not uncommon to see footnotes in the list of authors which spell out the specific contribution of each, when you cannot infer it from the order of names. For instance, sometimes the first 2 authors have a footnote "these authors contributed equally". Have you checked whether there is a precedent for you to add such a footnote to her name? If so, you could ask her what to put in it. – Nemo Aug 23 '18 at 17:42
  • Because she reviewed the paper she would know that I didn't use her rough notes , and I mean rough. They were just scraps of points she gleaned from various references. I knew the references very well already so there wasn't anything new there for me to use. I've been doing this for 36 years, she for about 6, and I would never in my life consider adding my name to a paper in which I didn't have a significant contribution. Hence my disappointment. – Angus Aug 23 '18 at 18:41
  • 3
    You knew the references quite well, but did she know that you already knew them? If you used them in the paper, she might have thought you got them from her notes, even if you actually didn't. Also, she might not have remembered exactly what was in the notes, in contrast to what she might have been thinking about and planning to put into the notes before she was transferred. – Andreas Blass Aug 23 '18 at 21:45
  • 7
    This looks to me like a rant with the goal of getting answers along: 'you are totally right, she is a terrible person'. Ask yourself another question: 'why have you offered something that you didn't want to give'? No one forced you to do this. You could have reviewed the work, mentioned that nothing was done and this is it. – Salvador Dali Aug 24 '18 at 02:16
  • 2
    Sorely tempted to ask what it says about someone who agrees to add someone's name to the publication as a co-author, then goes on the internet to complain about that person accepting. – Valorum Aug 24 '18 at 06:27
  • Keeping her on doesn't cost you anything at all. Why worry about it? Maybe she contributed the initial idea, but if not, consider it a nice courtesy. Perhaps somebody will do the same for you one day. – Flyto Aug 24 '18 at 09:11
  • Look, when I started the analysis I didn't realize how much effort it would take to complete it and that's why, at the initial stage, I suggested a co-authorship. I didn't know how little she had done when she passed it to me. "Salvador Dali" and Valorum, I'm not complaining nor am I angry and looking for internet sympathy. I thought I knew this person well enough and like my original post stated: "I guess I'm disappointed ...". Scientific integrity is important to me, but I guess human nature and the desire to get ahead at any cost always wins out. – Angus Aug 24 '18 at 13:21
  • China has "scientific integrity" embedded into their culture; 'plagiarize' anything you want and forget about names. What you're talking about is literary authorship recorded for posterity, which outside of etymological linguistics, is useless to science. - With the information given, the only unethical thing to do would be for you to renege. If science was the only thing important to you, you wouldn't care whose names are on it. – Mazura Apr 24 '19 at 08:40

4 Answers4

72

No, it is certainly not unethical. You made an agreement at the beginning and you fulfilled it. She thanked you for your courtesy. All is well. The one, perhaps, contribution that she did make was to get you attached to the project idea, from which you will benefit. You are the primary author, in this case, of course.

There are many reasons for including someone on a paper and not all are benign, but I think this one is. I assume the other person is quite grateful, and maybe even a bit embarrassed. She may even not want to insult you by asking to be removed, since you had the earlier agreement.

But judging her ethics will get you nothing but trouble.

David Richerby
  • 33,823
  • 6
  • 74
  • 143
Buffy
  • 363,966
  • 84
  • 956
  • 1,406
15

Someone must have had the original idea which became her background notes, it may have even been her idea, so it would be appropriate to still list her as a co-author.

It's not clear where the research idea came from, but also since you took over the research from her and told her that you would add her name to the publication it "costs" you little but gains you more to include her in the author list.

She may not take any action if you were to not include her, and the thankyou could be an expression of appreciation that you included her even though you carried the research through from idea to publication. Again, the long-term goodwill is worth it.

Mick
  • 2,343
  • 17
  • 30
  • 4
    +1. The good will is worth it. Who knows whether the two will meet again professionally as they likely have similar interests. Good will aids good research. – Buffy Aug 23 '18 at 13:32
11

It's a bit cyclical, but because she's an author on the paper, you should (must?) have her read the paper before you submit it.

I assume since she was once involved on the project, she would have an interest in editing the paper beyond rubber-stamping it. Therefore, you can have a meaningful editing round with her, which would increase how much of a contribution she had to the paper, which might make you feel better.

To address your question specifically, you said you didn't use her notes. While I'm somewhat skeptical you didn't look at them and therefore learned nothing at all from them, she doesn't know that (unless you sent her an odd email about how much you didn't use her notes), and so probably assumes she made an intellectual contribution and still deserves authorship. So no, I don't think she is behaving unethically.

Azor Ahai -him-
  • 30,111
  • 9
  • 88
  • 115
  • See my comment above. In our R&D lab we apply operational research principles to solve problems for our clients. These rely heavily on statistical analysis. She nor I originated the problem. It was given to us by our client. She did no analysis. That was all left to me after she left. I'm close to retirement so I'm not chasing after promotions any longer, but of course she is. – Angus Aug 23 '18 at 18:46
  • 2
    @Angus Oh, I see. Still, w/r/t to your other comment, I don't think it's really possible to glean from reading a paper whether or not you used her notes. That said, the more details you add, the more I would be willing to think she's playing the system a little bit to get a publication she doesn't really deserve. – Azor Ahai -him- Aug 23 '18 at 18:52
0

In medicine, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has defined the roles of authors, and who should be acknowledged.
I know you are in a different field, but I can imagine one still wants to follow these guidelines. In that case, she would not qualify for an authorship.

You have a different question: who is at fault, ethically? I would say both of you; I wouldn't have offered an authorship to people of whom it is clear they do not fulfil the criteria for authorship. If I were her, I would not have accepted the offer.
Maybe you could offer to acknowledge her instead?

Jasper
  • 728
  • 4
  • 9
  • 6
    The ICMJE guidelines are terrible, robbing a lot of people of getting any meaningful credit for their contributions; let's not encourage their spread. – Jack Aidley Aug 23 '18 at 17:20
  • @JackAidley Could you elaborate a bit more? Am I correct in assuming that you consider the alternative (i.e. acknowledgement) not "meaningful" credit? Why is that? Because acknowledgements aren't as easily gathered in a list as authorships? Trying to understand your point and learn something :-) – Jasper Aug 24 '18 at 05:35
  • 4
    yes, I don't consider acknowledgements to be meaningful credit. They're a nice thing, that should be extended to people who have been helpful but not involved not used to credit people who were involved. The root problem is that authorship is a crude, frankly not-fit-for-purpose, means of crediting scientific work but the ICMJE guidelines in trying to remove gift and insubstantial authorship go too far in the opposite direction denying fair credit to people who played an important role in the work. – Jack Aidley Aug 24 '18 at 10:25